Name of Procedure |
Risks |
Adenoidectomy |
-
Bleeding
-
Nasal speech
-
Nasal regurgitation of food or liquids
|
Anesthesia, general |
-
Abnormal reaction to drugs
Injury to vocal cords or throat
-
Injury to teeth, lips, and tongue
-
Brain damage
-
Malignant hyperthermia
|
Angiography, cerebral |
-
Injury to the arteries entered
-
Bleeding at the site of entry by catheter
-
Stroke
-
Blindness or brain damage
-
Emboli to the brain
-
Allergic reaction to the injected contrast medium
|
Angiography, coronary |
-
Injury to the artery
-
Damage to heart
-
Mocardial infarction
-
Possible need for open heart surgery
-
Irregular heartbeat
-
Bleeding at the site of entrance
-
Allergic reaction to injected contrast medium
|
Angioplasty |
-
Paraplegia
-
Loss of extremity
-
Bowel infarction
-
Renal failure
|
Aortic Dissection |
-
Stroke
-
Renal failure
-
Bowel infarction
-
Paraplegia
-
Death
|
Aortic Graft |
-
Bleeding or Infection
-
Infection or emboli
-
Kidney failure or loss of limb
-
Inadequate blood to bowel or spinal cord
-
Myocardial infarction
-
Sexual dysfunction
-
Death
|
Appendectomy |
-
Infection
-
Bleeding
-
Intra-abdominal abscess
-
Leakage from the colon requiring colostomy
-
Hernia in the incision
|
Arteriovenous Shunt for Hemodialysis |
-
Bleeding or infection
-
Damage blood vessel with risk of rupture
-
Recurrent thrombosis
-
Severe edema of extremity
-
Inadequate blood supply to extremity
-
Inadequate blood supply to nerves
|
Birth of child |
-
Injury to bladder
-
Injury to rectum
-
Fistula between vagina and rectum
-
Hemorrhage possibly requiring hysterectomy
-
Brain damage to fetus
|
Blood Transfusion |
-
Fever
-
Kidney failure
-
Heart failure
-
Hepatitis
-
AIDS
|
Breast Augmentation |
-
Risks of use of silicon gel are excluded
-
Scar formation around implant causing hard breast
-
Deflation of implant
-
Loss of sensation to the nipple and breast
-
Persistent pain in breast
-
Distortion of breast mound
-
Leakage of implant contents
|
Breast Biopsy, Excisional |
-
Infection and/or blood clot
-
Failure to obtain accurate diagnosis
-
Disfiguring scar
-
Failure to locate and remove abnormality
|
Cardiopulmonary Bypass |
-
Stroke
-
Respiratory complications
-
Kidney failure
-
Death
|
Carotid Endarterectomy |
-
Blood clots
-
Infection
-
Stroke
-
Nerve injury causing mouth, throat, or tongue problems
-
Myocardial infarction
-
Death
|
Cataract Surgery |
-
Loss of vision or decrease in vision
-
Loss of eye
-
Bleeding inside or behind eye
-
Painful eye
-
Droopy eyelid
|
Catheterization, central venous |
-
Hemorrhage into chest cavity or elsewhere
-
Pericardial tamponade (compression of heart)
-
Cardiac arrest or stroke
-
Collapse of lung
-
Damage to blood vessels
-
Infusion of fluid into chest cavity
|
Cervix, Removal |
-
Uncontrollable leakage of urine
-
Injury to the bladder
-
Injury to the bowel or intestinal obstruction
-
Injury to the urethra
-
Sterility
-
Pulmonary embolism
|
Cholecystectomy |
-
Pancreatitis
-
Injury to the bile duct
-
Retained stones in the bile duct
-
Narrowing of the bile duct
-
Injury to the bowel
|
Coarctation of Aorta |
-
Quadriplegia or paraplegia
-
Permanent hoarseness
-
Leakage of body fluid from intestines into chest
-
Loss of bowel and/or bladder function
-
Impotence in males
|
Colon Surgery |
-
Infection of the incision
-
Intra-abdominal abscess
-
Leakage from colon and possible colostomy
-
Injury to other organs or blood vessels
-
Diarrhea, sometimes permanent
-
Formation of scar tissue causing intestinal blockage
-
Hernia in incision
|
Colonoscopy |
-
Infection or bleeding
-
Perforation of colon or rectal wall
-
Cardiac arrhythmias
|
Dental Implants |
-
Infection, bleeding, failure to heal
-
Permanent and disfiguring scarring
-
Premature loss of implant, or mobility
-
Loss of bone
-
Numbness of face or mouth
-
Fracture of jaw
-
Injury to adjacent teeth or sinus
|
Dilation and Curettage |
-
Hemorrhage with possible hysterectomy
-
Perforation of the uterus
-
Injury to the bowel or bladder
-
Sterility
|
Ear Tubes |
-
Persistent infection
-
Perforation of eardrum or cyst behind the eardrum
-
Need to surgically remove tubes
|
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio
Pancreatogram (ERCP) |
-
Infection
-
Perforation of esophagus, stomach, or intestines
-
Cardiac arrhythmias
-
Pancreatic inflammation
|
Endoscopy, abdominal |
-
Puncture of the bowel or blood vessel
-
Abdominal infection
-
Operation to correct injury
-
Injury to urethra
-
Injury to bladder
|
Epidural, spinal |
-
Abnormal reaction to drugs
-
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
-
Epidural blood clot or abscess
-
Broken needles or catheters
-
Incomplete analgesia
-
Back pain and/or paralysis
-
Severe headaches
|
Femoral Bypass Grafts |
-
Bleeding requiring re-operation
-
Necrosis of skin around incision
-
Thrombi or emboli
-
Limb loss
-
Nerve damage
-
Myocardial infarction
-
Death
|
Fibroid Removal (Uterine myomectomy) |
-
Uncontrollable leakage of urine
-
Injury to bladder
-
Injury to the urethra
-
Injury to the bowel and/or intestinal obstruction
-
Sterility
-
Pulmonary embolism
|
Gastrectomy or Phloroplasty |
-
Infection of incision or inside abdomen
-
Bleeding requiring transfusion
-
Leakage from stomach
-
Inability to maintain weight
-
Chronic vomiting after eating
-
Diarrhea and need for vitamin B-12 injections
-
Recurrence of condition for which surgery was done
|
Hemodialysis |
-
Hypotension, hemorrhage, sepsis, cardiac arrhythmias
-
Allergic reaction to tubing and dialyzer
-
Pulmonary edema
-
Air bubbles in the bloodstream
-
Seizure, hypothermia, fever
-
Viral infections such as HIV
-
Cardiac arrest
|
Hemorrhoidectomy |
-
Bleeding
-
Post operative pain, especially with bowel movements
-
Temporary/permanent difficulty controlling bowels or gas
-
Recurrence of hemorrhoids
-
Narrowing of anal opening requiring repeated dilations
|
Hernia Repair |
-
Infection
-
Bleeding
-
Recurrence of hernia
-
Injury to or loss of testicle or spermatic cords
-
Nerve injury resulting in numbness or chronic pain
|
Hysterectomy, abdominal or vaginal |
-
Uncontrollable leakage of urine
-
Injury to bladder
-
Injury to urethra
-
Injury to the bowel and/or intestinal obstruction
-
Painful intercourse
-
Ovarian failure requiring hormone administration
-
Formation of fistula between vagina and rectum
|
Kidney Stone Lithotripsy |
-
Bleeding in or around kidney
-
Obstruction of kidney by stone particles
-
Failure to completely fragment stones
-
High blood pressure
-
Loss of kidney
|
Liver Biopsy |
-
Bleeding
-
Lung collapse
-
Internal leakage of bile
-
Puncture of other organs
|
Lumpectomy |
-
Infection or blood clot
-
Disfiguring scar
-
Fluid collection in arm pit
-
Numbness to arm
-
Swelling of arm
-
Damage to nerves of arm or chest
-
Recurrence of cancer
|
Mastectomy, radical |
-
Limitation of movement of shoulder or arm
-
Swelling of the arm
-
Loss of skin requiring graft
-
Failure to eradicate the malignancy
-
Injury to major blood vessel
|
Oral Surgery |
-
Infection, bleeding, failure to heal
-
Injury to adjacent teeth
-
Numbness of face and/or mouth
-
Fracture of either jaw
-
Opening between mouth and sinus or nose
-
Tooth fragment in sinus
-
Dry socket
|
Penile Implant |
-
Bleeding and infection
-
Penile pain or numbness
-
Injury to bladder or urethra
-
Problems with implantable prosthetic
|
Prostatectomy |
-
Bleeding and/or infection
-
Injury to bladder, urethra, or rectum
-
Impotence
-
Retrograde ejaculation
-
Bladder blockage
-
Incontinence
|
Radial Keratotomy |
-
Loss of vision or decrease in vision
-
Loss of eye
-
Variable vision
-
Radiating images around lights
-
Over or under correction
-
Cataract formation
-
Retained need for glasses
|
Radiation Therapy, Head/neck - Initial
Reaction |
-
Altered sense of smell, taste, or nausea
-
Difficulty swallowing, weight loss, fatigue
-
Hoarseness, cough, loss of voice
-
Hearing loss, dizziness
-
Dry and irritable eyes
-
Increased risk of infection and/or bleeding
-
Intensified by chemotherapy
|
Radiation Therapy, head/neck - Late
Reaction |
-
Tooth decay and gum changes
-
Bone damage in jaws
-
Hair loss, scarring of skin
-
Swelling of tissues under chin
-
Brain, spinal cord or nerve damage
-
Pituitary or thyroid gland damage
-
Second cancers developing
|
Radiation Therapy, Thorax - Initial
Reaction |
-
Skin changes, hair loss on the chest
-
Inflammation of the esophagus, heart sac, or lungs
-
Bleeding or fistula from tumor destruction
-
Intermittent electric shock-like feeling in the lower body
-
Increased risk of infection or bleeding
-
Intensified by chemotherapy
|
Radiation Therapy, Thorax - Late Reaction |
-
Changes in skin texture, scarring, hair loss
-
Lung scarring or shrinkage
-
Narrowing of esophagus
-
Constriction of heart sac
-
Damage to heart muscle or arteries
-
Fracture of ribs
-
Spinal cord or liver damage
|
Radical Mastectomy |
-
Limitation of shoulder or arm movement
-
Swelling of the arm
-
Loss of the skin of the chest
-
Failure to completely eradicate the malignancy
-
Decreased sensation or numbness
-
Injury to major blood vessels
|
Renal Biopsy |
-
Injury to adjacent organs
-
Infection
-
Hypotension
-
Bleeding from the kidney
-
Intestinal perforation
|